Identification of the impact of surface water bodies at the expense of groundwater, which provides exchange between tributaries

Abstract

Given the close interconnectedness of individual environmental components, it is particularly important to establish comprehensive monitoring covering surface water and groundwater. Such monitoring should include environmental protection measures in industry and agriculture, including stationary observations at possible water body pollution sites. The physicochemical composition of groundwater depends, on the one hand, on the composition of geological rocks, and, on the other hand, on the composition of water seeping into it from the ground surface. Pollution of surface and groundwater can pose a threat to human health and ecosystems. The increase in the content of pollutants in water bodies is a result of the constant or accidental discharge of wastewater from industrial or municipal enterprises, agricultural runoff, pesticides and fertilizers. Drinking water is extremely important for human health and plays a key role in physiological processes: it is necessary to maintain the body's water-salt balance, dissolve and remove toxins, promote the distribution of nutrients, etc. According to the report "Analysis of the impact of climate change on water resources in Ukraine," the authors found that as of 2021, 65% of groundwater resources are concentrated in the northern and northwestern parts of Ukraine (Dnipro-Donetsk and Volyn-Podilskyi artesian basins), while the southern part of Ukraine, on the contrary, has limited groundwater resources. An analysis of recent relevant publications and studies has shown that studies have been conducted on the quality of surface and groundwater in Ukraine and the causes of deterioration in their ecological condition have been identified, but insufficient attention has been paid to the impact of surface water bodies of upstream tributaries on those located downstream of the main river, taking into account the presence of groundwater.