ASSESSMENT OF TECHNICAL CONDITION: MEANS OF MEASUREMENT, SAFETY, RISKS

Abstract

Uninterrupted transportation of liquid fuel and lubricant cargoes is one of the key tasks of railway transport in Ukraine. Wide range of liquid cargoes (light and dark oil products, furnace oils) and limited fleet of tank wagons, due to its wear and tear and complexity of renewal in wartime conditions, require constant and qualitative cleaning of tank wagon boilers. Modern technologies of boiler cleaning involve thermal effects associated with washing and steam treatment operations, which affects the stress-strain state of boilers. In order to achieve the objective, the existing sources were analysed, technical characteristics of modern tank wagons were given and the moment theory of shells was adapted, which allowed to determine the loads in the boiler control points. The organisation of goods train traffic on the railway transport of Ukraine is an important aspect of its integration into the European transport system. The urgent need for renewal of the freight wagon fleet and speed limitation require the development of modern methods for assessing the technical condition and traffic safety. The proposed methods include strain gauge measurement of mechanical stresses and spectral analysis of dynamic processes to reveal the regularities of interaction of load-bearing structures of freight wagons. Also, the monograph presents a hierarchical system of methods for calculating the fire re- sistance of reinforced concrete slabs at the limit state of loss of integrity. Three approaches are proposed: tabular, simplified and refined, allowing designers to choose the optimal method depending on the required accuracy and available data, which contributes to the improvement of fire safety of structures. In the conditions of multifunctional technical means development, the directions of wagon structural elements integration are considered, including elastic-dissipative, non-split hinge and multi-material concepts. On the basis of theoretical research, promising wagon designs have been developed, such as a covered hopper for cement, a flat wagon made of leaf springs, a universal covered wagon with damping struts and multi-material railway tank car designs. The systematisa- tion of these developments contributes to the extension of rolling stock service life, reduction of material intensity, improvement of maintainability and crack resistance. The results of scientific research presented in the monograph can be useful for further re- search, development of new technologies, as well as in the training of railway industry specialists.