Physicochemical principles of the technology of modified pyrotechnic compositions to reduce the chemical pollution of the atmosphere

Abstract

This paper presents the results of development of conditions for the production of modified pyrotechnic compositions that have the properties of initiating atmospheric precipitation and neutralizing their acidity and atmospheric toxic components. Given the requirements of environmental protection, it is suggested to use Mg as fuel and KNO3 as an oxidizing agent in the pyrotechnic composition. Combustion of the proposed composition does not lead to the release of chemically hazardous combustion products (NH3 and HCl). Using the TERMO-CALC software package, the content of ammonia and hydrogen chloride in the combustion products of the proposed mixtures at the best fuel-oxidizing agent ratio was determined. Using this software package, thermodynamic calculations were performed to determine the best reducing/oxidizing agent (Red/Ox) ratio, which is 1:8. Experimental studies of the main parameters of high-temperature oxidation (temperature and burning rate) of pyrotechnic compositions were carried out. A two-layer structure of the explosive charge with a highly flammable primary layer is proposed, which substantially increases the probability of ignition of the pyrotechnic mixture triggered by an electric spark. In order to increase the reduction of acidity of atmospheric precipitation, a technology for modifying pyrotechnic compositions by adding KOH and cellulose was proposed. The modification of the developed composition with the use of NaOH allows to effectively neutralize such dangerous gases as chlorine and phosgene. The developed physical and chemical basics of the technology for modifying pyrotechnic compositions for various purposes allow for the development of multi-functional explosive compositions aimed at artificial initiation of precipitation and chemical neutralization of hazardous substances in the atmosphere.