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http://repositsc.nuczu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13826| Назва: | Recovery method for emergency situations with hazardous substances emission into the atmosphere |
| Автори: | Гапон, Ю.К. Kustov, M.V Kalugin, V.D. Hristich, O.V. |
| Ключові слова: | artificial precipitation emergency situation emission hazardous substances localization emergency zone |
| Дата публікації: | 31-сер-2021 |
| Видавництво: | International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering |
| Бібліографічний опис: | International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering |
| Серія/номер: | Vol. 11, No. 4,; |
| Короткий огляд (реферат): | The objective of this Article is development of a hazardous area extent reducing method in the atmosphere upon emergency situation occurrence with hazardous chemical and radioactive substances emission. To achieve the specified objective it is recommended to use deposition of gaseous, liquid and solid disperse hazardous particles from the atmosphere using artificial precipitation over a zone of emergency. For artificial intensification of precipitation, use of chemical and physical principles of impact on droplets formation processes in the area of clouds is proposed. A pyrotechnic composition was developed for chemical impact, which when combustion generates finely dispersed chemical centers of condensation and modifying components for hazardous chemical substances neutralization. Conducting the ionization of precipitation formation area by a strong impulse electromagnetic irradiation was proposed as a physical impact on the artificial precipitation formation processes. The laboratory study results confirmed the technical feasibility of this method implementation. To reduce the necessary radiator power, application of a multi-position radiators system with radiation focusing to one irradiation zone was proposed. The theoretical and experimental results obtained in the article are the base for development of emergency situation negative consequences reduction practical procedures through artificial precipitation initiation |
| Опис: | Artificial initiation of precipitation over a certain territory allows finding a solution to a number of crucial tasks. They include ensuring fire safety – extinguishing of large-scale natural fires and fire hazard reducing of the forest, steppe and peat areas; environmental safety – purification of atmosphere against hazardous toxic and radioactive substances and atmospheric pollution areas reducing upon various natural and man-caused accidents; social safety – provisioning population and agricultural lands with water. Resulting from large natural and man-caused fires a large amount of combustion productsis emitted into the atmosphere. Due to the air masses motion, the combustion products are spread over dozens of kilometers [1]. When contact with the atmosphere constituents, some gases, generated when combustion, react with them with new compounds generation capable of condensation under the atmospheric conditions [2]. To forecast the behavior of hazardous combustion products in the atmosphere along with gaseous and solid aerosol components one has to consider the peculiarities of liquid aerosols generation and excretion from the atmosphere [3]. Under normal operation of industrial enterprises, a large amount of hazardous chemical substances are emitted into the environment. Particularly large-scale emissions occur upon emergencies arising at such facilities [4]. The greatest hazard for the ecosystem is represented by atmospheric emissions of chemically hazard pollutants [5, 6]. Upon the occurrence of large-scale emergencies at the atomic energetics facilities, a radioactive substances emission into the atmosphere is possible. The most large-scale emergencies in history are disasters at the Chernobyl Nuclear Plant in Ukraine [7] and the Fukushima Nuclear Plant in Japan [8]. Resulting from emergency depressurization of nuclear reactor a large amount of gaseous and aerosol radioactive substances are released into the atmosphere. Being affected by convection aerial currents radioactive substances penetrate the upper layers of the troposphere and spread over large distances [9]. To date, localization and elimination of the consequences of technogenic accidents with the release of hazardous substances into the atmosphere is carried out by organizing water spraying [10]. However, due to the large size of the contaminated zone, this presents significant difficulties and requires the involvement of a large amount of manpower and resources. Precipitation over an emergency area allows significantly reduce the pollution area extent and the overall radiation background [11]. This occurs due to radionuclides sorption by water droplets. However, solving the problem of active influence on precipitation requires some significant amount of energy and taking into account of various meteorological factors affecting the precipitation formation process. The main factors determining the precipitation formation process include air humidity and condensation centers availability |
| URI (Уніфікований ідентифікатор ресурсу): | http://repositsc.nuczu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13826 |
| Розташовується у зібраннях: | Кафедра спеціальної хімії та хімічної технології |
Файли цього матеріалу:
| Файл | Опис | Розмір | Формат | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hapon_S1.pdf | 1,31 MB | Adobe PDF | Переглянути/Відкрити |
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