Semantic-component analysis and features of translation of anatomical terms-metaphors with modifier - name of mechanisms and their parts

Abstract

The article considers the peculiarities of the translation of anatomical terms-metaphors with a modifier of the name of mechanisms and their parts on the material of English and Ukrainian languages. Theoretical bases of studying of terminological metaphor in modern linguistics have been specified, the works by Yu. Brazhuk, N. Tsisar, H. Usyk and T. Kyrylenko, Yu. Mararenko and I. Tkachenko have been analyzed, as a result, the classification features of metaphorical binarms included in the layer of anatomical terminology are singled out. Binary terms such as palatine-lingual arch, aortic arch, femoral ring, tendon ring, oral siphon, artery siphon, intervertebral disc, fallopian tube, ear canal, cardiac tube, vascular plate spinal cord bone plate from bone plate gutter, “groove” and “ring”, “bracket”, “plate”, “roller”, “arc”, “disk”, “cylinder”, “tube”, “siphon”, “sail” have been studied. As a modifier in such anatomical medical terms, the names of household items, premises, buildings and their parts, tools, clothing and mechanisms and their components are normally used. External similarity and functional similarity are typical. For the first time, a comparative analysis of metaphorical terms in the English-Ukrainian translation (taking into account their Latin equivalent as a basis) using semantic-component analysis on the material of the “New English-Ukrainian Ukrainian-English Medical Dictionary” (2020) and “Latin-Ukrainian explanatory dictionary of clinical terms” (2016). Translation transformations have been described, V. Karaban's classification has been used as a basis. The semantic-component analysis was carried out with the use of the eleven-volume “Dictionary of the Ukrainian language”, which establishes the primary lexical meaning, transformations and redistribution of seeds, the development of the connotative component. As a promising area for further research, we have chosen a similar study of pathoanatomical terminology.