ANALYSIS OF EXISTING METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONDITIONS OF THE ION EXCHANGE PROCESS IN WATER TREATMENT

Abstract

The article deals with the issues of existing processes for improving the physical and chemical conditions of the ion exchange process in water treatment. Patents and publications on the use of the ion exchange method in water treatment have been analysed. The expediency and scientific significance are determined by the possibility of further improving the efficiency of the ion exchange process in water treatment on the basis of the obtained results. Existing methods, such as thermal and cryogenic treatment, membrane plants, distillation and reverse osmosis, have a number of disadvantages, such as high energy consumption of the process and the inability to be used on an industrial scale. A promising method to improve the efficiency of modified ion exchange resins is to use the effect of a magnetic field on the feed water with constant stirring. The article analyses ion exchange resins and their problems, existing research aimed at modernising the ion exchange process, considers ways to optimise the selectivity of ion exchange resins, their modification with dendritic aggregates, and the use of mixed cationic and anionic ion exchange resins. Regeneration of ion-exchange resins using ammonium bicarbonate technology, reagent-free regeneration methods, such as electrodialysis, electrodionization systems, in order to reduce process waste, possible schemes of using ion-exchange plants in combination with other methods of water treatment. The analysis shows the relevance of using the ion exchange process in water treatment and the prospect of further research on ways to intensify the process to reduce energy and economic resources. The obtained results demonstrate the most advanced ways to improve the method of ion exchange for water treatment, such as reagentless regeneration of ionites using electrodialysis, modification of resins by introducing the necessary functional groups.