PSYCHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS OF STATE EMERGENCY SERVICE OF UKRAINE FOR CONDUCTING THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY IN EXTREME CONDITIONS OF WAR

Abstract

The current development of society is characterized by the intensification of economic, social and scientific development that determines the high level of importance of the study of the individual as a subject of professional activity. Therefore, the conditions of war and technological advances increase the risk of emergencies and disasters. As a result, training of specialists involved in emergency response, namely specialists of operational and rescue service of civil defence, is particularly important. Their professional activity is one of the specific forms of human activity. From the psychological point of view, the professional duties and tasks assigned to the specialists of the operational and rescue service of State Emergency Service are realized in special, extreme conditions; especially today, in the conditions of war. Such professional activity requires not only thorough academic training of a specialist within the curriculum, but also psychological readiness for responsibility for the results of personal actions and decisions made in the process of solving the complex tasks of operational activity in the special, extreme conditions. The stressful emotional background, unpredictability of the situation, risk and danger, time limit and physical activity are the main characteristics of the professional activity of the personnel of the operational and rescue service of civil defence of State Emergency Service. The psychological analysis of special conditions of professional activity is based on the following indicators: the peculiarities of the situation as a set of the conditions of activity; the peculiarities of the subject of activity in special conditions, the level of the readiness; peculiarities of consequences of the specialists activity in the difficult working conditions. We consider the psychological training of a specialist to perform professional activity as a scientifically organized and effectively implemented process of forming a high level of psychological readiness of specialists to solve their profes- sional tasks. The basis for the creation of the concept of professional and psychological training of specialists of rescue services is the statement about the obligatory existence of extreme factors and conditions in the structure of the specified professional activity, which determine its content. It is required to distinguish in the process of implementation of the concept of training of specialists of rescue services for actions in special, extreme conditions of theoretical, practical and experimental stages; and the priority role in the methodology of professional and psychological training we give to the psychological modelling of the tasks of future professional activity, its conditions and difficulties. The special conditions of professional activity are the complex and unity of external conditions, their subjective interpretation, which are characterized by time limits and induce the specialist to selective activity, self-esteem of the possibility of overcoming the extreme situation and involvement of internal resources. The psychological training of the specialists of State Emergency Service for actions in the extreme conditions is a systematic, methodologically substantiated formation of competences, professionally important individual qualities, characteristics of a professional group, whose origin is extremely psychological, that allow to build an individual behavioural in an extreme situation according to the source of its origin and the probable ways of overcoming.