Сутність поняття «синдром провини вцілілого» у контексті надання психологічної допомоги тимчасово переміщеним особам

Abstract

The article describes modern approaches to the interpretation of the essence of the concept ‘survivor's guilt syndrome’. It has been determined that people with survivor's guilt have a common experience regardless of the type of traumatic event, time, place, social status, etc., for example, among war veterans, refugees, and Holocaust survivors; prisoners of concentration camps; those who survived after terrorist attacks; those who have been cured of cancer, etc. One of the consequences of experiencing a traumatic event is a change in worldview, a violation of certain basic guidelines regarding the world, other people, and oneself. It was established that temporarily displaced people quite often felt danger, both physical and psychological; confusion, alienation, depression and apathy; misunderstanding and rejection by individual members of society, reproaches, accusations and self-blame; concern for those who remained (for example, on the temporarily occupied territory); feeling of insecurity; psychosomatic disorders, etc. As a result, changes in behavior, exacerbation of chronic diseases, depressive states, etc. were observed. Survivor’s guilt can be both adaptive and maladaptive in nature. The protective functions of the survivor's guilt syndrome mean that the individual compensates for his negative feelings due to his inability to influence the events taking place. It is clarified that the survivor's guilt syndrome in the context of psychological assistance to temporarily displaced people providing is interpreted as a complex cognitive-behavioral phenomenon that arises as a result of a traumatic event, as a result of which a person survived, while someone died; is a system of psychological defenses that mitigate emotional stress, auto-aggression caused by strong feelings.