Establishing regularities of fire protection of wood by a composite coating with a biopolymer

Abstract

The object of this study is changes in the surface properties of wood during its treatment with a fire-retardant com-posite coating with the presence of bio-polymers. The task, aimed at the pro-duction of environmentally friendly compositions obtained from natural and renewable sources for fire protec-tion of wood and the application tech-nology, is to ensure resistance to the action of high-temperature flames. It has been proven that the fire-retar-dant composition with the presence of biopolymers is an accumulation of bio-logical substances with nitrogen-phos-phorus flame retardants, carbohydrates, and gas-forming substances, bordered by a polymer binder. Under the influence of thermal action, chemical reactions begin in the fire-retardant composition, ammonium polyphosphate decompos-es and releases phosphoric acid. This, in turn, affects the destruction of the biopolymer and the dehydration of pentaerythritol with the formation of a large amount of hydrocarbons, and melamine causes the release of non-com-bustible gases, which induce the forma-tion of foam coke. A study of the surface energy char-acteristics of the fire-retardant compo-sition with the presence of biopolymers was carried out and it was found that the polarity of the fire-retardant compo-sition with the presence of biopolymers exceeds the value of untreated wood by 3.5 times, which provides effective treat-ment of the wood surface. According to the results of thermal exposure to the samples, it was found that under the action of the radiation panel, the fire-re-tardant composition swelled, when bio-polymers such as wood flour and starch were added, the coke height increased by more than 15 mm, and the foam multi-plicity increased by 1.2 times. The practical significance is that the results were taken into account when designing a reactive coating for wood. Thus, there is reason to argue about the possibility of effective protection of wood with a fire retardant composition with the presence of biopolymers