SECURITY AND PROTECTION OF CRITICAL ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE SYSTEM OF NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE STATE

Abstract

The article examines the theoretical and applied aspects of ensuring the security of critical energy infrastructure within the system of national security of the state. It is substantiated that critical energy infrastructure is a key component of national security, as it ensures the functioning of the economy, the stability of public administration, and the continuity of social processes. Disruptions in its operation may lead to significant economic and social consequences that negatively affect the resilience of the state. The regulatory and legal framework for the protection of critical infrastructure in Ukraine is analyzed, in particular the Law of Ukraine “On Critical Infrastructure” and the National Security Strategy. It is established that effective protection requires a comprehensive combination of legal, organizational, technical, and informational measures aimed at preventing threats and minimizing their consequences. The main threats to the functioning of energy infrastructure are identified, including military attacks, cyber threats, man-made accidents, deterioration of networks, and insufficient modernization. These threats have become especially relevant under conditions of full-scale war, when energy facilities have become priority targets of attacks. The international experience of EU and NATO countries in enhancing the resilience of energy systems is analyzed. It is determined that key elements include the development of risk management systems, the implementation of digital technologies, strengthening cybersecurity, and international cooperation. It is substantiated that for Ukraine, priority areas include modernization of energy networks, development of backup energy supply systems, implementation of advanced cybersecurity technologies, improvement of public policy in this field, and strengthening coordination among security stakeholders.