Динаміка первинної психологічної адаптації до умов навчання та служби в навчальних закладах МВС України

Abstract

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата психологічних наук за спеціальністю 19.00.01. - загальна психологія, історія психології. Університет внутрішніх справ, Харків, 2000. На основі вивчення структури, умов і динаміки первинної (термінової, але недосконалої) психологічної адаптації курсантів до умов життєдіяльності навчальних закладів МВС України виявлені механізми її здійснення, які обумовлені індивідуально-характерологічними особливостями курсантів. Запропоновано теоретико-методологічні і практичні рекомендації щодо організації психолого-педагогічного супроводу початкового етапу навчання і служби курсантів. Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата психологических наук по специальности 19.00.01. – общая психология, история психологии. Университет внутренних дел, Харьков, 2000. На основе изучения структуры, условий и динамики первичной (срочной, но несовершенной) психологической адаптации курсантов к условиям жизнедеятельности учебных заведений МВД Украины выявлены механизмы ее осуществления, определяемые индивидуально-характерологическими особенностями курсантов. Предложены теоретико-методологические и практические рекомендации по организации психолого-педагогического сопровождения начального этапа учебы и службы курсантов. Thesis for the Degree of Candidate of Psychological Sciences by speciality 19.00.01 – general psychology, history of psychology. University of Internal Affairs of Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Kharkiv, 2000. The researcher has analyzed theoretical and methodological approaches towards the problem of a person’s adaptation to changing conditions of vital activity which trigger the process of general adaptation on different levels – biological, physiological, psychological and social. This enabled to single out the psychological adaptation as a natural stage of general adaptation process. The factors affecting the course of the primary (urgent, but imperfect) psychological adaptation of cadets to the activities of the higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine were established upon the research of its structure, characteristics, conditions and dynamics. In the research the eight-color test by M. Lusher has been adopted as psycho-diagnostical set which enabled to evaluate the peculiarities and structure of psychic alterations among cadets in the process of primary psychological adaptation as well as dynamical characteristics of the adaptation process itself. The adaptation success and dynamics were found to be dependent upon the personality adaptation mechanisms determined by individual character features of the cadets. The conception of typology of the primary psychological adaptation course dynamic characteristics in accordance with the alert and stress factors of the adaptation mechanisms has been stated. This was used to determine primary psychological adaptation stages as well as cadet groups with individual features typology of primary psychological adaptation. The mentioned groups can be referred to as: • those with the tendency to stable adaptation; • those with the tendency to non-stable adaptation; • those with the tendency to disadaptation. For each of the groups of cadets individual-and-dispositional peculiarities have been established on the basis of methodics by K.Leongard, A.G.Maklakov and S.V.Chermiyanin, K.Rogers and R.Diamond. Depending upon prevalence in individual strategies of behavior mechanisms of allopsychical or intropsychical adaptation, the author proposes typology of individual styles of adaptation. It includes constructive, capitulative, strong-willed and reflexive styles. These basic styles are the most prominently defined when considering results of primary psychological adaptation which has been proved by the research. Theoretical, methodological and practical recommendations on the organization of psychological and pedagogical support to the initial study and service stage of cadets at the educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine were developed. This recommendations have been approved in Kharkiv Fire Safety Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine.