STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF BIODESTRUCTORS FOR LIQUIDATION OF OIL SLICKS ON THE WATER SURFACE IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

Abstract

One of the main factors creating the unfavorable state of the aquatic environment is shipping and the activities of sea trading ports. Special danger is represented by emergency situations with the spreading of a large amount of oil products. Each year, about 10 million tons of oil and petroleum products fall on surface water. This study presents the results of an experiment on the effectiveness of the use of a sorbent-biodestructor for the elimination of oil pollution in emergency situations. Analysis of the main types of biodestructors, which used in Ukraine for the elimination of oil spills from the water surface, carried out analytically using open sources of information. Determination of the effectiveness of the use of biodestructors was carried out in laboratory conditions. Experimentally, a change in the layer thickness of the oil product was observed depending on the time of action of the biodestructor with a different amount of sorbent used. The study of the presence of biological components in the composition of a biodestructor was carried out using a scanning electron microscope with a low-vacuum chamber and with the REM-106 microelectronic microanalysis system. Two samples were examined in a low-vacuum chamber in reflected electrons. Determined that, it is immobilized bacteria-destructors of petroleum hydrocarbons that are widely used in modern environmental biotechnologies. Experimentally installed, that the quality of adsorption does not depend on the time the sorbent stays on the spot. The use of a biodestructor for the elimination of oil pollution from the water surface is advisable as an additional purification stage aimed at the adsorption of thin oil slicks in large-scale man-made disasters. The study using a scanning electron microscope with a low vacuum chamber and with a REM-106 energy dispersive microanalysis system showed that the ecological efficiency of the use of such a sorbent cannot be at a high level, since there is an uneven distribution of microorganisms and it clusters. At the same time, the required number of bacteria (107 per 1 g of substance) is not ensured.